Molecular Screening of Ustilago maydis Fungus in Maize Genotypes

In modern agriculture, protecting plants from diseases and pests is one of the main measures to increase their productivity and improve their quality. Maize plays a significant role in the food and livestock industries. However, various fungal diseases cause serious damage to productivity. In particular, the smut disease is distinguished by its serious damage, which is caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis of maize and is a widespread disease. This disease causes reduced yield and deterioration of grain quality. This study aimed to identify maize genotypes with complex resistance to this disease and to create collections of morphological, physiological, and economically valuable traits. This information plays an important role in the selection and conservation of disease-resistant variants of maize varieties. The study also provides a valuable source of molecular information to help prevent the spread of maize disease and strengthen genetic defenses. The study included field observations, laboratory diagnostics, assessment of the extent of infection, and selection of resistant samples. As a result, genotypes with different levels of resistance were identified, initial trait collections were formed, and promising lines were selected for future selection.